Mu cumba co gusuzumamwo uruganda rw’imashini zikora neza cane i Zhejiang, uwo mugenzuzi w’uburyo yariko arakoresha imashini yo gupima ifise amabara atatu kugira ngo amenye ukwihanganira kw’ibara ry’umubiri ry’i Zhejiang. amapine y'amaboko y'icuma kitagira ibarakandi basanze ikosa ry’ugusohoka kw’ibarabara ry’umugwi w’ibintu ryari rirenze 0,05mm, bikaba vyatumye umugwi wose w’ibintu usubira gukora. Ico kibazo kirashira ahabona ikibazo nyamukuru: urugero rw’ukwihangana n’urugero rw’ukuri rw’amapine y’amaboko y’icuma kitagira ibara ni vyo bigena ata guca ku ruhande ukuntu ashobora guhindura ibintu be n’ukuntu yizigirwa mu bikoresho. Iki kiganiro kizosesangura "kode y'ukuri" y'uguhingura amaguru y'amaboko kuva ku bipimo vy'ivyiyumviro vy'ishimikiro, ibimenyetso nyamukuru, itandukaniro ry'ibintu, uburyo bwo guhingura n'uburyo bwo kugerageza, kugira ngo bifashe amashirahamwe n'abakoresha kwirinda ingorane z'uburyo ziterwa n'ingingo mfatirwako zitasobanutse.
Ibirimwo
1. Ukwihangana n'ukuri: gusuzuma ibimenyetso nyamukuru vy'uguhingura uruziga rw'amaboko
2. Ukwihanganira ingero: ibipimo nyamukuru bigena ubushobozi bwo kwimenyereza
3. Ukwihanganira ibiharuro: abicanyi bataboneka bagira ico bakoze ku bijanye n’ukuri kw’ibikorwa
4. Ububabare bwo ku ruhande: itandukaniro ry'ingingo mfatirwako kuva ku rwego rw'inganda gushika ku rwego rw'ubuvuzi
5. Kugereranya ibisabwa vy'ukuri ku bikorwa bitandukanye
6. Ingaruka z’imigenderanire y’uguhingura ku kwihanganira: gutera n’ugucukura n’ugukata
7. Uburyo n’ibikoresho vyo kugerageza: ni gute twosuzuma ko ukuri guhuye n’ingingo mfatirwako?
8. Inyobora yo guhitamwo: Hitamwo urugero rw’ukwihangana rukwiye hakurikijwe uko umuntu akora .
1. Ukwihangana n'ukuri: gusuzuma ibimenyetso nyamukuru vy'uguhingura uruziga rw'amaboko
Ukwihangana n'ukuri kw'amapine y'amaboko y'icuma kitagira ibara ni ahanini ubugenzuzi bubiri bw'"ukuri kw'ingero" n'"uburyo bwo ku ruhande":
Ukwihangana: urutonde rwemerewe rw’uguhinduka kw’ingero, nk’uburebure bw’umwobo φ50mm±0.02mm;
Ugushikama: harimwo ukuri kw’ingero, ukuri kw’imiterere (nk’ugukikuza), ukuri kw’aho umuntu ari (nk’uguhuza).
Uburyo nyamukuru busanzwe:
Itegeko ry’igihugu ry’Ubushinwa: GB/T 1800.1 (ukwihanganira ingero), GB/T 1184 (ukwihanganira uburyo n’aho umuntu ari);
Itegeko mpuzamakungu: ISO 2768 (ukwihanganira rusangi), ISO 1101 (ukwihanganira ibiharuro);
Ivyerekeye inganda: JB/T 7279 (ivyangombwa rusangi vy’ubuhinga ku makurudumu y’amaboko) ku bijanye n’inganda z’amamashini, YY/T 0918 (ingingo ngenderwako z’ibihimba vy’ibikoresho vy’ukuri) ku bijanye n’inganda z’ubuvuzi.
2. Ukwihanganira ingero: ibipimo nyamukuru bigena ubushobozi bwo kwimenyereza
1. Ukwihanganira urugero rw'ingero nyamukuru
| Ubwoko bw'ingano | Uruziga rw'amaboko rw'inganda (mm) | Uruziga rw'amaboko rw'ubuvuzi (mm) | Igikoresho c'ukuri uruziga rw'ukuboko (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Umurongo w'inyuma (D) | ±0.2 (ikigero ca IT12) | ±0.05 (ikigero ca IT8) | ±0.02 (ikigero ca IT6) |
| Ugufungura (d) | ±0.15 (ikigero ca IT11) | ±0.03 (ikigero ca IT7) | ±0.01 (ikigero ca IT5) |
| Uburebure (H) | ±0.3 (ikigero ca IT13) | ±0.1 (ikigero ca IT9) | ±0.05 (ikigero ca IT7) |
Igereranyo ry'ibibazo:
Ukwihanganira urufunguruzo rw’uruziga rw’igikoresho c’imashini (urugero rw’inganda) rurenze ukwihangana n’iminota 0,08, bikaba bituma rushobora gufatanya neza n’umugozi be n’ugukevya kw’iminota 0,5 mu gihe c’ugukora;
Ukwihanganira urufunguruzo rw'uruziga rw'amaboko rw'imikorosikope yo kubaga (urugero rw'ubuvuzi) rugenzurwa ku ±0.01mm, bikaba vyemeza ko uguhindura neza kwa 0.01℃.
2. Guhitamwo ukwihangana gukwiriye
Igihushane: gihuye hagati y’uruziga rw’ukuboko n’umugozi (nka H7/g6), igihuzu c’inganda-0.02-0.05mm, igihuzu c’ubuvuzi 0.005-0.01mm;
Ivyiza vy’ugutera ingorane: H7/s6 ikoreshwa mu bihe bidasanzwe (nk’ibidukikije vy’ubushuhe bwinshi-), n’urugero rw’ukwihangana rwa -0.03 gushika kuri -0.01mm kugira ngo ntihagire uwurekura.
3. Ukwihanganira imiterere n’aho umuntu ahagaze: umwicanyi ataboneka agira ico akoze ku bijanye n’ugukora neza
1. Ukwihanganira imiterere
Ubuzinguzingu: uruziga rw’amaboko rw’inganda Ruri munsi canke rungana na 0,1mm (uburebure bwa 200mm), urugero rw’ubuvuzi Ruri munsi canke rungana na 0,02mm, urugero rw’igikoresho c’ukuri Ruri munsi canke rungana na 0,005mm;
Ikibazo: Ubuzinguzingu bw’uruziga rw’ukuboko rw’ivyuma vy’amazi burenze 0,2mm, bikaba bituma umuvuduko w’amazi uhinduka 15%, bikaba bigira ico bikoze ku gufungura no gufunga kw’ivyuma.
Uburinganire: Uburinganire bw’aho uruziga rw’amaboko rushirwako, urugero rw’inganda Ruri munsi canke rungana na 0.15mm, urugero rw’ubuvuzi Ruri munsi canke rungana na 0.05mm, uburyo bwo kumenya: kumenya ko uruhande rw’imbugita rubereye.
2. Ukwihanganira ikibanza
Coaxiality: Coaxiality hagati y’urufunguzo n’uruziga rw’inyuma, urugero rw’inganda Ruri munsi canke rungana na 0.1mm, urugero rw’ubuvuzi Ruri munsi canke rungana na 0.03mm, urugero rw’ukuri Ruri munsi canke rungana na 0.01mm;
Ingero nyayo: Iyo coaxiality irenze 0.05mm, radial runout irongerekana na 0.08mm iyo uruziga rw’ukuboko ruzunguruka, bikaba bigira ico bikoze ku bijanye n’ugushirwa neza kw’ibikoresho.
Uburinganire: Uburinganire bw’ugusangira amajambo, urugero rw’inganda Ruri munsi canke rungana na 0.5mm, urugero rw’ubuvuzi Ruri munsi canke rungana na 0.2mm, rugeragezwa n’igikoresho co gupima gifise amabara atatu-ahuye.
4. Ububabare bwo ku ruhande: Itandukaniro ry'ingingo mfatirwako kuva ku rwego rw'inganda gushika ku rwego rw'ubuvuzi
1. Ububabare mu ibintu bitandukanye (Ra, μm)
Igitigiri c’inganda (uburebure bw’ivyuma): Ra 3.2-6.3, uburebure bw’ivyuma 0.3-0.5mm, gutuma habaho umubare w’uguterana udashobora gusenyuka Urengeye canke ungana na 0.6;
Igitigiri c’ubuvuzi (gusukura indorerwamo): Ra Iri munsi canke ingana na 0,8, inyuma yo gusukura n’umuyagankuba, ishobora gushika kuri Ra Iri munsi canke ingana na 0,4, ikaba ihuye n’ibisabwa ku ruhande rutagiramwo ubumara (ibisigazwa vy’imigera<10CFU/cm²);
Igitigiri c’ibikoresho vy’ukuri (superfine polishing): Ra Iri munsi canke ingana na 0,2, ikoreshwa ku maguru y’ibikoresho vy’amaso kugira ngo ntihagire ikintu gihungabanya ivyerekanwa.
2. Ingaruka z'ubukazi ku bikorwa
Muuruziga rw'amabokoy’imashini y’ibifungurwa ifise ibisigarira vy’ifu kubera ububabare Ra 1,6, ivyo bikaba bituma ingorane zo gusukura zirushiriza ku rugero rwa 30%;
Igikoresho c’amaboko gifise Ra Less canke ingana na 0.1, kandi iyo gifise ibikoresho vy’ivyuma, gishobora gushika ku 0.001mm y’ukuri kw’uguhinduka.
5. Kugereranya ibisabwa vy'ukuri ku mice itandukanye y'ikoreshwa
1. Ivyerekeye uguhingura ibintu mu nganda
Igitigiri c’ukwihangana: IT10-IT12, kibereye ibikoresho vy’imashini bisanzwe, amavalve, n’ibindi;
Ivyerekana nyamukuru: ukwihanganira urufunguruzo ±0.1mm, ubuzibuzi Buri munsi canke bungana na 0.08mm, ubuzibuzi bwo ku ruhande Ra 3.2;
Ikibazo: Igikoresho c’ukuboko c’imashini y’ugutera ivyuma mu ruganda rw’ivyuma kiremesha urugendo rw’imirongo 0,2mm kugira ngo rushobore gushitsa ibisabwa vyo gukoresha mu bihe bikomeye vy’akazi.
2. Ivyerekeye ibikoresho vy'ubuvuzi
Igitigiri c’ukwihangana: IT6-IT8, kibereye gukoreshwa mu guhindura imeza yo gukoresha n’imikorosikope;
Ivyerekana nyamukuru: ukwihanganira urufunguruzo ±0.02mm, coaxiality Muto canke bingana na 0.03mm, ububabare bwo ku ruhande Ra Muto canke bungana na 0.4;
Ishingiro ry’itegeko: YY/T 0918 bisabwa, urusaku iyo uruziga rw’ukuboko ruzunguruka ni Ruto canke rungana na 35dB, rwizigiye kugenzura kw’ukwihangana kw’ukuri gukomeye-.
3. Igikoresho c'ukuri
Urugero rw’ukwihangana: IT5-IT6, ikoreshwa ku bikoresho vyo gupima amakoordinate y’ingero zitatu n’amashini y’ugupima amafoto;
Ivyerekana nyamukuru: ukwihanganira urufunguruzo ±0.01mm, uburinganire Buri munsi canke bungana na 0.01mm, ububabare Ra Buri munsi canke bungana na 0.2;
Ibisabwa kugira ngo umuntu amenye: 10% vy’umugwi wose bifatwa nk’akarorero kugira ngo bisuzumwe mu buryo bushitse-, kandi igipimo c’abatagira ubushobozi ni Muto canke kingana na 0.1%.
6. Ingaruka z’uburyo bwo gukora ku kwihanganira: gutera vs gukora vs gukata
1. Uburyo bwo gutera (bubereye ku bibanza bikomeye)
Urugero rw’ukwihangana: IT12-IT14, ukwihangana kw’urufunguzo ±0.3mm, ububabare bwo ku ruhande Ra 12.5;
Application scenario: large valve handwheel (diameter>300mm), ukunyuranya kw’ubunini bumwe bumwe kwemerewe;
Inenge: imyobo y’umusenyi n’ibihengeri bishobora kubaho, bikavamwo ikosa ry’ubuzinguzingu rirenga 0.2mm.
2. Uburyo bwo gukora (ugukora neza cane birakundwa)
Urugero rw’ukwihangana: IT8-IT10, ukwihangana kw’urufunguzo ±0.1mm, ububabare bwo ku ruhande Ra 6.3;
Ivyiza: ubuhinga bwo mu mutima bukomeye, 50% bukomeye bw’imiterere n’ubushobozi bwo kugenzura ukwihanganira ikibanza kuruta gutera;
Ikibazo: Igikoresho kimwe co mu modoka gikoresha uburyo bwo gukora, kandi ikosa ry’ugukora rigabanywa kuva kuri 0,15mm y’ugutera rikaja kuri 0,05mm.
3. Gukata (urugero rw'ukuri rugomba)
Urugero rw’ukwihangana: IT5-IT7, ukwihangana kw’urufunguzo ±0.02mm, ububabare bwo ku ruhande Ra 1.6;
Ivyerekeye uburyo bwo gukora: Igikoresho c’ubuhinga bw’amamashini gifise imirongo itanu-gishika ku rugero rwa 0.01mm, kibereye amapine y’amaboko y’ubuvuzi n’ay’ibice vy’umuyagankuba;
Igiciro: 30% birazimvye kuruta gutera, ariko igitigiri c’ibikomere kigabanywa kikava kuri 5% kikaja kuri 0,5%.
7. Uburyo n’ibikoresho vyo kugerageza: Ni gute twosuzuma ko ukuri guhuye n’ingingo mfatirwako?
1. Gutahura ukwihanganira ingero
Ivyo umuntu abona muri rusangi: Igipima ca Vernier (ukuri 0,02mm), mikrometero (ukuri 0,001mm);
Gutahura neza: Guhuza imashini yo gupima (ukuri 0.001mm), nk’imashini yo gupima Hexagon ikoreshwa n’uruganda rw’ukuri, kugira ngo umuntu ashike ku rugero rwa 0.005mm rwo kugenzura amakosa.
2. Ifomu na kumenya ukwihanganira ikibanza
Igipima c’ubuzingi: Hindukiza kandi upime uruziga rumwe, urugero rw’inganda rwemerewe gukevya 0.1mm, urugero rw’ubuvuzi 0.02mm;
Igipima ububabare: Igipima ubwoko bw’inyandiko, urugero rw’inganda Ra 3.2, urugero rw’ubuvuzi Ra 0.4 canke hasi.
3. Uburyo bwo gusuzuma
Igipande ca mbere isuzuma ryuzuye: 100% isuzuma ry’urufunguzo, umurongo w’inyuma, uburyo n’ukwihanganira ikibanza;
Gutora ivyerekanwa: Hakurikijwe ingingo ngenderwako ya GB/T 2828.1, AQL=1.0, urabe ko igitigiri c’abatagira ubushobozi kiri munsi ya 1%.
8. Inyobora yo guhitamwo: Hitamwo urugero rw’ukwihangana rukwiye hakurikijwe uko umuntu akora .
Ingingo ngenderwako zitatu zo guhuza imibereho y'akazi
Ubwoko bw’umuzigo: umuzigo uremereye, guhitamwo gutera (ukwihanganira IT12), umuzigo muto, ukuri, guhitamwo guca (ukwihanganira IT6);
Ibisabwa ku bidukikije: bifise ubukonje/bishobora gusenyuka, guhitamwo gukora + ukwihanganira neza (kugabanya umugese uterwa n’ugukuraho ivyiza);
Ibisabwa kugira ngo umuntu ashobore gukora neza: urugero rw’inganda ku bijanye n’ugushiramwo ibintu neza > 0.1mm, urugero rw’ubuvuzi/ugukora neza ku < 0.05mm.
Ingingo nyamukuru zo kwirinda imitego
Iyubare propagande y'"ukwihanganira rusangi": umucuruzi yakoresheje amapine y'amaboko y'ukwihangana y'urugero rwa IT14 nk'urugero rwa IT10, bituma ibikoresho bikorana nabi;
Gutera imbere ku ruhande biragira ico bikoze ku kwihangana: gutera umuyagankuba bishobora kwongera uburebure bwa 0.02-0.05mm, kandi urubibi rw’ukwihangana rukeneye kubikwa;
Raporo y’igerageza isubiramwo: Raporo y’igerageza ya CMM irakenewe, harimwo amakuru yuzuye y’ugufungura, coaxiality, n’ububabare.
Icegeranyo
Igitigiri c'ukwihangana n'ingingo ngenderwako y'ukuri y'amapine y'amaboko y'icuma kitagira ibara ni "ikiraro" gihuza ibishushanyo vy'imiterere n'ibikorwa vy'ukuri: ingingo ngenderwako z'inganda-zituma ibikoresho bikora nabi, ingingo ngenderwako z'ubuvuzi-zikingira neza neza, n'ingingo ngenderwako y'ukuri {no}}ikenewe{le Nusobanukirwe neza igihe uhisemwo:
Ivyiyumviro vy’inganda: kwibanda ku kwihanganira ingero (IT10-IT12) no ku gukingira ububabare (Ra 3.2);
Ivyerekeye ubuvuzi: kugenzura cane ukwihangana kw’ibipimo (coaxiality Muto canke bingana na 0.03mm) n’isuku ryo ku ruhande (Ra Muto canke ringana na 0.4);
Ibikoresho vy’ukuri: gukurikirana ukuri gukomeye cane (IT5-IT6) no kumenya ata n’agasembwa (igipimo c’ugutora 100%).
Mu gukurikiza ingingo mfatirwako za GB/ISO, guhitamwo uburyo bwo guhuza, no gukurikiza neza uburyo bwo gusuzuma, amashirahamwe arashobora kwirinda neza ukunanirwa kw’iteraniro n’amakosa yo gukora bitewe n’ukudahuza kw’ukwihangana. Ibuka: ukuri si uko bigenda neza, ariko "ugushikama" - guhuza igiciro n'ibikorwa ku ciyumviro co gushitsa ivyangombwa vy'akazi ni co kintu nyamukuru co gukora uruziga rw'amaboko.
