Imbonerahamwe y'ibirimwo
1. Igikoresho co kugenzura ni iki?
2. Ni ubuhe bwoko bw’amapine y’amaboko y’ivyuma bigenzura?
3. Ni gute wohitamwo ibikoresho vy’uruziga rw’ukuboko rw’ivyuma bigenzura?
4. Ni gute wokoresha neza uruziga rw’ukuboko rw’ivyuma bigenzura?
5. Ni ibihe bintu vyo gucungera uruziga rw’ukuboko rw’ivyuma bigenzura?
6. Ni uruhara uruhe rw’uruziga rw’ukuboko rw’ivyuma bigenzura mu buryo bwo kugenzura ivyuma?
1. Igikoresho co kugenzura ni iki?
Muuruziga rw'amaboko rwo kugenzurani igikoresho gikoreshwa n’amaboko gishirwa ku nzira y’ugucungera, akenshi kikaba kiri mu buryo bw’idisiki canke mu buryo busa n’ubwo. Uwukoresha azunguruka uruziga rw’ukuboko kugira ngo atware uruti rw’ivalve kugira ngo rugende hejuru rumanuka canke ruzunguruke, gutyo agahindura urufunguruzo rw’ivalve maze agatahura uguhindura n’amaboko uruja n’uruza rw’amazi, umuvuduko n’ibindi. Iyo ubuhinga bwo kugenzura bwikora bunaniwe canke bikenewe ko umuntu akoresha amaboko, uruziga rw’ukuboko rwo kugenzura ruca ruba uburyo nyamukuru bwo gukoresha kugira ngo igikorwa co gukora gishobore kubandanya gikora neza.
2. Ni ubuhe bwoko bw’amapine y’amaboko y’ivyuma bigenzura?
(1.) Igikoresho c’ukuboko c’umurongo: Gikoreshwa cane cane mu bikoresho vy’ugucungera umurongo, nk’ibikoresho vy’intebe imwe-n’ibikoresho vy’intebe zibiri-. Iyo uruziga rw’ukuboko ruzunguruka, uruti rw’ibarabara rugenda mu murongo biciye mu nzira y’urudodo, rugahindura ata guca ku ruhande ahantu amazi agenda hagati y’umutima w’ibarabara n’intebe y’ibarabara.
(2.) Igikoresho c’ukuboko gifise imfuruka: Kibereye amavalve y’ugucungera imfuruka, nk’amavalve y’umupira n’amavalve y’ibinyugunyugu. Iyo ubwo bwoko bw’uruziga rw’amaboko buzunguruka, butuma uruti rw’uruzitiro ruzunguruka mu mfuruka kanaka, gutyo rukamenya ukuntu uruzitiro rwugururwa n’urwufunga, rugatuma n’aho rufungukira.
(3.) Igikoresho co gukingira ibisasu-: Mu bibanza bimwebimwe biteye akaga aho hari imyuka canke inkungugu bishobora kwaka kandi bishobora guturika, birakenewe ko habaho igikoresho co guturika-kidashobora guturika. Ihinguwe kandi ikozwe mu buryo budasanzwe kugira ngo umuntu ashobore gukingira neza impanuka ziterwa n’umuyagankuba udahinduka be n’ibishashi biva ku gukoresha uruziga rw’amaboko.
3. Ni gute wohitamwo ibikoresho vy’uruziga rw’ukuboko rw’ivyuma bigenzura?
Ishirahamwe ry’i Hangzhou Xiaoshan Chugye ry’ugutunganya ivyuma ry’i Hangzhou.ni ishirahamwe ryitaho gukora no kugurisha ubwoko butandukanye bw’amapine y’amaboko. Yashinzwe mu mwaka w’2002, ikaba ifise icicaro gikuru mu karere ka Xiaoshan, i Hangzhou. Ibintu nyamukuru ikora ni nk’ibikoresho vy’amaboko vy’icuma kitagira ibara, ibikoresho vy’amaboko vy’amabuye, ibikoresho vy’amaboko vy’icuma giteye ikidodo, ibikoresho vy’amaboko vy’ivyuma vy’aluminium, n’ibindi.
Inyungu yacu
Ukwizigirwa gukomeye
Ivyo bikoresho vyoroshe bituma ibikorwa biguma bimeze neza kandi bikaba vyizigirwa. Kubera ko iyo nzira y’ukuboko idasaba ibihimba bikomeye vy’umuyagankuba canke vy’umuyaga, irashobora gukora neza mu bibanza bitandukanye bikomeye cane.
Gukoreshwa bikomeye
Ico gikoresho c’ukuboko kirabereye ubwoko butandukanye bw’ibikoresho bigenzura, harimwo ibikoresho vy’umupira, ibikoresho vy’ibinyugunyugu n’ibikoresho vyo guhagarika, kandi gishobora guhindura uruja n’uruza, umuvuduko n’ingene amazi yugururwa n’ugufunga.
Iramba
Ikoreshwa ry’ibikoresho vy’agaciro kanini, nk’icuma kitagira ibara, rirakomeye cane kandi rishobora kwihanganira ibikorwa vy’uburemere bwinshi no gukoresha ibisabwa mu bihe bikomeye vy’akazi igihe kirekire.
Biroroshe kandi bikora neza
Igifunguruzo c’ivyo bikoresho gishobora guhindurwa neza na neza mu guhindukiza gusa, ata buhinga bw’umwuga bukenewe. Ugereranije n’ibikoresho bikomeye vyo kugenzura umuyagankuba, amapine y’amaboko arahenda cane kandi arahenda cane gushiramwo no gukoresha.
(1.) Ivyuma vy’icuma: bihenda cane, bifise inkomezi zimwezimwe be n’ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’ugusenyuka, bibereye mu bihe bimwebimwe bisanzwe vy’inganda bifise ibisabwa bike vyo guhangana n’ugusenyuka be n’umuvuduko n’ubushuhe buke cane, nk’Uruziga rw'amaboko rwo gukoresha umuvudukos mu migende rusangi y’amazi n’amazi y’imyanda.
(2.) Igikoresho c’icuma kitagira ibara: gikomeye cane guhangana n’ugusenyuka, cane cane kibereye gukoreshwa mu bidukikije bifise ibikoresho bishobora gusenyuka (nk’aside, alkali, n’ibindi). Muri ico gihe nyene, ivyuma bitagira ibara birakomeye cane kandi birashobora kwihanganira inguvu nyinshi zikoreshwa. Ikoreshwa kenshi mu bikoresho vyo gucungera amazi mu bikorwa vy’imiti, ivyokurya n’ivyo kunywa.
(3.) Ibikoresho vy’ivyuma vy’aluminium: uburemere buke, ubushobozi bwiza bwo guhangana n’ugusenyuka n’inkomezi zimwe zimwe. Akenshi ikoreshwa mu bihe bisaba uburemere, nk’utuvungukira dutoduto tumwetumwe two kugenzura dusaba gukoreshwa kenshi n’uruziga rw’amaboko, canke mu bikorwa bidasanzwe nk’ivy’indege bifise ibisabwa bikomeye ku bijanye n’uburemere bw’ibikoresho.
4. Ni gute wokoresha neza uruziga rw’ukuboko rw’ivyuma bigenzura?
(1.) Gusuzuma imbere y’uko ukoresha uruziga rw’ukuboko: Imbere yo gukoresha uruziga rw’ukuboko, suzuma ikimenyetso c’ingene uruziga rw’amazi rumeze kugira ngo umenye nimba uruziga rwuguruye canke rwugarijwe ubu, be n’uko gukoresha amaboko vyemewe. Muri ico gihe nyene, nusuzume nimba uruziga rw’ukuboko rwononekaye, rwarekuye canke hari ukundi rudasanzwe.
(2.) Inzira y’uguhindukira: Isano riri hagati y’inzira y’uguhindukira kw’uruziga rw’ukuboko n’ugufungura kw’ivyuma bishobora kuba bitandukanye ku bwoko butandukanye bw’ivyuma. Muri rusangi, guhindukiza uruziga rw’ukuboko nk’uko isaha igenda birafunga iyo nzira, kandi guhindukiza uruziga rw’ukuboko mu buryo bunyuranye n’isaha bica bifungura iyo nzira. Ariko rero, imbere y’uko ukoresha, nurabe neza ko wemeza amategeko yihariye yerekeye uguhinduranya iyo valve. Ushobora kuraba ikimenyetso kiri ku nkoko canke igitabu kijanye n’ingene cokoreshwa.
(3.) Inkomezi zo gukoresha: Igihe ukoresha uruziga rw’ukuboko, nukoreshe inguvu udatezuka kugira ngo wirinde inguvu zitunguranye kandi zirengeje urugero. Niba wumva ko ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’igikorwa ari bwinshi cane, ntukoreshe ku nguvu. Ubwa mbere, nusuzume nimba iyo valve ifashe n’ibintu vy’amahanga, nimba uruti rw’iyo valve rwagize umugese, n’ibindi, hanyuma ukoreshe umaze gutorera umuti ingorane.
5. Ni ibihe bintu vyo gucungera uruziga rw’ukuboko rw’ivyuma bigenzura?
(1.) Gusukura ubudasiba: Igipande c’uruziga rw’ukuboko gikwiye gusukurwa ubudasiba kugira ngo hakurwemwo inkungugu, amavuta n’ibindi bihumanye kugira ngo ivyo bintu ntivyinjire mu nzira iri hagati y’uruziga rw’ukuboko n’igiti c’umuvuduko w’amazi maze ntibigire ico bikoze ku bijanye n’uguhinduka kw’ibikorwa. Igipande c’uruziga rw’ukuboko gishobora guhanagurwa n’igitambaro gisukuye. Ku mabara akomeye, umuntu arashobora gukoresha umuti wo kuyasukura ukwiye.
(2.) Gutera amavuta no kuyabungabunga: Gutera amavuta ku bihimba vy’uruziga rw’ukuboko (nk’igice gifise indodo) ubudasiba. Koresha amavuta akwiriye, nk’amavuta y’ibitoke, amavuta yo gutera amavuta, n’ibindi, kugira ngo ubishire ku ruhande rw’urudodo kugira ngo ugabanye ugushikana no kugira ngo uruziga rw’ukuboko rukore neza. Muri rusangi, gutera amavuta bikorwa mu bihe bitandukanye (nk’amezi 3-6, bivanye n’ingene umuntu akoresha vy’ukuri).
(3.) Suzuma kandi ukomeze: Suzuma nimba igihimba kiri hagati y’uruziga rw’ukuboko n’uruti rw’ibarabara gikomeye be n’uko intsinga, amabouti n’ibindi bihimba biri ku ruziga rw’ukuboko bipfutse. Nimba hariho ikintu kidashobora gusenyuka, nugikomeze mu gihe kugira ngo uruziga rw’ukuboko ntirugwe mu gihe ruriko rurakora maze ngo rutere impanuka z’umutekano.
(4.) Gukingira-ugusenyuka: Ku makurudumu y’amaboko ari mu bidukikije bishobora gusenyuka, ingingo zo kurwanya-ugusenyuka zikwiye gufatwa. Nk’akarorero, nusanure ubudasiba igipfukisho co gukingira-ugusenyuka ku ruhande rw’uruziga rw’amaboko. Niwabona ibimenyetso vy’ugusenyuka, nusubirizeho uruziga rw’ukuboko ku gihe canke ufate ingingo zibereye zo kurusanura.
6. Ni uruhara uruhe rw’uruziga rw’ukuboko rw’ivyuma bigenzura mu buryo bwo kugenzura ivyuma?
Mu buryo bwo kugenzura bwikora, umupfunda wo kugenzura akenshi uhindurwa n’uwugenzura hakurikijwe ibipimo vyashizweho mbere n’ibimenyetso vy’inyishu. Ariko rero, iUbwiza bw'Icuma c'Ikigobeni ikintu gihambaye cane nk’uburyo bwo gukora bwo gusubiza inyuma. Iyo uburyo bwo kugenzura bwikora bucitse intege, nk’aho igikoresho co kugenzura kidakora neza canke iyo umugenzuzi apfuye, uwukoresha arashobora guhindura n’amaboko aho umupfunda ufungukira biciye ku nzira y’ukuboko kugira ngo akomeze gukora neza mu bijanye n’uguhingura ibintu no kwirinda guhagarara kw’ibikorwa canke impanuka ziterwa n’ugusenyuka kw’ivyo bikoresho. Vyongeye, mu gihe co gukosora neza ubuhinga no gusanasana ibikoresho, akenshi birakenerwa guhindura n’amaboko iyo valve biciye ku nzira y’ukuboko kugira ngo umuntu ashobore gukosora neza ubuhinga no kubugenzura.
Irafise uruhara rudasanzwe mu guhingura ibintu mu nganda, kandi gutahura ubumenyi bwayo bujanye n’ivyo ni ikintu gihambaye cane kugira ngo iyo valve ikore neza kandi kugira ngo ibikorwa bibe bitekanye. Woba ushaka no kumenya ivyerekeye ibibazo vy’ugusaba vya 2019.kugenzura amakurudumu y'amabokomu nganda zihariye, canke amakuru yihariye y’uguhuza n’uburyo bwo kwikoresha?
Mu bijanye n’inganda, uruziga rw’ukuboko rw’ivyuma rusa n’aho ari ikintu gitoyi gusa, mugabo rurafise uruhara runini. Ni igihimba nyamukuru mu bijanye n’ubuhinga bwo gukoresha amavalve kugira ngo umuntu ashobore kugenzura n’amaboko ukuntu amavalve yugururwa n’ugufunga, kandi ikoreshwa ryayo ni ryinshi kandi ritandukanye.
Mbere na mbere, ikoreshwa ry’ishimikiro ry’uruziga rw’ukuboko rw’ivyuma ni ugucungera n’amaboko ukuntu ivyuma vyugurura n’ugufunga. Uwuwukoresha arazunguruka uruziga rw’ukuboko kugira ngo atware uruti rw’ivyo bikoresho kugira ngo ruduge rumanuke canke ruzunguruke, gutyo akamenya ukuntu ivyo bikoresho vyugururwa n’ukuntu bifunga, hanyuma akagenzura ukuntu amazi ari mu muyoboro afunguka n’ukuntu afunga. Nk’akarorero, mu bijanye n’imiyoboro y’amahinguriro amwamwe matomato, igihe hari igikorwa kinaka gikeneye guhagarara canke gutangura, umukozi arashobora gukoresha ata guca ku ruhande uruziga rw’ukuboko rw’amazi kugira ngo aca canke ahuze umuyoboro w’amazi.
Ica kabiri, uruziga rw’ukuboko rw’ivyo bikoresho rurashobora guhindura ingene amazi atemba. Abakoresha barashobora guhindura aho iyo valve ifungukira mu guhindukiza uruziga rw’ukuboko bivanye n’ivyo bakeneye vy’ukuri, bagahindura neza urugero rw’amazi agenda n’ingene amazi agenda mu muyoboro. Mu guhingura imiti, kenshi birakenewe gukoresha uruziga rw’ukuboko rw’ivyuma kugira ngo umuntu atunganye neza uruja n’uruza rw’ibikoresho bitandukanye bitagira agaciro n’ibintu biva hagati bivanye n’ingene igikorwa gitera n’ibisabwa kugira ngo igikorwa c’imiti kigende neza kandi uburemere bw’ibintu bube buhagaze neza.
Ikindi kandi, uruziga rw’ukuboko rw’ivyuma rurafise uruhara runini mu gukoresha uburyo bwihutirwa mu bihe vyihutirwa. Iyo uburyo bwo kugenzura bwikora bunaniwe, nk’uguhagarika kw’ikimenyetso c’inkomoko ya gazi canke ikimenyetso c’umuyagankuba, canke ibihimba nyamukuru vy’igikoresho vyononekaye, uruziga rw’amaboko rw’umuvuduko ruremesha umukoresha kubandanya agenzura umuvuduko, akabungabunga igikorwa c’ishimikiro c’uburyo bwo gukora, no kwirinda guhagarika ibikorwa canke mbere calused system calures. Nk’akarorero, mu bikoresho bimwebimwe vy’amashanyarazi, iyo uburyo bwo kugenzura bumaze kuba budasanzwe, abakozi barashobora guhindura ningoga ingene umwotsi canke amazi bigenda biciye ku nzira y’amaboko y’ivyo bikoresho kugira ngo ibikoresho bitanga amashanyarazi bikore ata nkomanzi kandi bishikamye.
Ikindi, uruziga rw’ukuboko rw’ibarabara na rwo nyene rufise igikorwa co guhagarika, gishobora gukoreshwa nk’igipimo c’urugendo rw’ibarabara ry’ugutunganya kugira ngo rigabanye ugufungura kw’ibarabara no kugira ngo ibarabara rikore mu rugero runaka rw’ugufungura kugira ngo rishitse ku bisabwa n’imigenderanire itandukanye y’imigenderanire.
Igikoresho c’ukuboko c’amavalve gikozwe mu bikoresho bitandukanye, harimwo ivyuma bicuzwe, ivyuma bitagira ibara, ivyuma vy’aluminium, n’ibindi. Kuva ku bikorwa vy’ubuhinga bwa peteroli gushika ku bikorwa vy’amashanyarazi, kuva ku gusukura amazi gushika ku bikorwa vy’ubwubatsi, amapine y’amaboko y’amavalve ariko aragira uruhara mu gacerere kugira ngo inganda zitandukanye zikore neza.
Kubera ko ubuhinga n’ubuhinga biguma bitera imbere, naho ubuhinga bwo kugenzura ibintu bikoresheje ubuhinga bwa none buriko buratera imbere cane, uruziga rw’amaboko rwitwa valve, nk’uburyo bwo kugenzura ibintu n’amaboko bwizigirwa kandi bubereye, ruracari mu kibanza kidashobora gusubirizwa mu guhingura ibintu mu nganda. Si igikoresho gishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bwinshi gusa co kugenzura amazi y’inganda, ariko kandi ni umurongo uhambaye wo kwikingira kugira ngo ibikorwa bibe vyiza kandi bibe bikomeye.
