Imbonerahamwe y'ibirimwo
2. Isano ry'ubuhinga hagati y'ubunini bw'uruziga rw'amaboko n'ubushobozi bwo gufungura no gufunga
4. Igikoresho co guhitamwo uruziga rw'amaboko ku bintu bitandukanye
5. Umugambi wo gutuma ubunini bugenda neza uhereye ku bijanye n'ubuhinga bwo gukora neza
6. Gusuzuma impanuka zo mu nganda ziterwa n’ubunini butabereye
Mu bijanye n’imiyoboro y’inganda, amavalve y’umupira akoreshwa n’amaboko ni vyo bihimba nyamukuru bigenzura, kandi ukuntu ibikoresho vyayo bikoreshwa biragira ico bikoze ata guca ku ruhande ku kuntu iyo mirongo ikora neza. Dushingiye kuri raporo y’umwaka w’2024 y’ishirahamwe ry’ubuhinga bw’amavalve ryo mu Bushinwa, amavalve y’amaboko yoherezwa mu gihugu canje ku mwaka yararenga miliyoni 23, muri ayo mavalve y’umupira afise amapine y’amaboko asanzwe yari 62%. Kubera ko igikorwa c’Industry 4.0 cariko kiragenda neza, ubuhinga bwo gukoresha ibikoresho bushingiye ku muntu bwacitse ikimenyetso gihambaye co guhindura ibikoresho.
Amakuru y'ukugenzura inganda yerekana:
1.45% vy'impanuka zibera ku kibanza ziterwa n'ubumuga bwo mu guhingura uruziga rw'amaboko
2. Gutuma uruziga rw'amaboko rugira ubunini bubereye birashobora kwongera ubushobozi bwo gukora n'ibice 18 kw'ijana
3. Igihe cose 1N·m igabanutse umuvuduko wo gukoresha, irashobora kugabanya ibikomere biva ku kazi-ku mwaka ku rugero rwa 3,2%
2. Isano ry'ubuhinga hagati y'ubunini bw'uruziga rw'amaboko n'ubushobozi bwo gufungura no gufunga
● Gushinga urugero rw'ubuhinga
Isano hagati y’umurongo w’uruziga rw’amaboko (D) n’umuvuduko wo gukoresha (T) rikurikira ingingo ngenderwako y’uruziga:
T = F × D/2
Aho F ari inguvu zikora D ari umurongo w’uruziga rw’ukuboko. Iyo umuvuduko wo gufungura no gufunga usabwa kugira ngo umuvuduko w’amazi ushireho, kwongera umurongo w’uruziga rw’amaboko birashobora kugabanya cane inguvu zikenewe kugira ngo umuntu akore.
● Ibintu bigira ico bikoze ku muvuduko
1.Diameter threshold effect: Ivyagezwe vyerekana (raba [3] amakuru y’ibarabara ry’irembo kugira ngo umenye vyinshi) ko iyo umurongo w’uruziga rw’amaboko urenze 400mm, igihe co gukora kirongerekana n’ibice 5-8% kubera ukwiyongera kw’uburemere bw’uguhinduka buterwa n’ubunini buhambaye .
2.Igihinduka c’umubare w’imitsi: Ugereranije n’ibikoresho vy’ivyuma vy’ivyuma (μ=0.12), umuvuduko wo gufungura no gufunga uruziga rw’amaboko rw’icuma (μ=0.25) ugabanywa n’ibice 22 kw’ijana ku gipimo kimwe
3.Transmission ratio optimization: 1:50 kugabanya igipimo igishushanyo c'inzoka ivyuma bishobora kwongera umuvuduko wo gukora w'uruziga rw'amaboko rusanzwe (Φ300mm) n'incuro 3
Amakuru y'igerageza: Ivyigwa ku bunini-umuvuduko w'umuvuduko w'umupira DN500
Igikoresho c’umupira DN500 cakoreshejwe mu mugambi w’ubuhinga bwa peteroli carakoreshejwe nk’akarorero (raba amakuru yerekeye ugushiraho muri [4]) kugira ngo hasuzumwe ubushobozi bwo gufungura no gufunga bw’ingero zitandukanye z’uruziga rw’amaboko:
| Uburebure bw'uruziga rw'amaboko (mm) | Igihe cose c'urugendo | Inguvu nyinshi zikoreshwa (N) | Umubare w'ibihinduka |
| 300 | 48.2 | 180 | 12 |
| 400 | 35.6 | 135 | 12 |
| 500 | 42.1 | 108 | 12 |
| 600 | 53.8 | 90 | 12 |
Ivyabonetse vy'ingenzi:
Igipimo ca 400mm gishika ku rwego rwo hejuru rw'umuvuduko, kigenzura ingaruka z'igipimo c'umurongo
Ku 100mm yose y’ukwiyongera kw’umurongo, inguvu zikoreshwa zigabanuka nk’ibice 25 kw’ijana .
Itsinda rya 600mm rifise umuvuduko wo kubora bitewe n'uburemere burengeje urugero
4. Igikoresho co guhitamwo uruziga rw'amaboko ku bintu bitandukanye
●Ihitamwo ry'imirongo y'akazi isanzwe
| Umuvuduko w'imiyoboro (MPa) | Ubushuhe buringaniye ( degre ) | Uburebure busabwa (mm) | Amahitamwo y'ibikoresho |
| Muto canke bingana na 1,6 | -20~120 | 300-350 | Aluminium/icuma gikomeye |
| 2.5-4.0 | 121-300 | 400-450 | Icuma gikomeye |
| Ikuruta canke ingana na 6,4. | >300 | 500+ | Icuma kitagira ibara 304/316 |
●Inyishu zidasanzwe zo kumenyera ibidukikije
1. Ikibanza gipfutse: uruziga rw’ukuboko rushobora gupfungwa (uburebure bupfutse 400mm/uburebure bupfutse 220mm)
2. Igisasu -ahantu: uruziga rw'umuringa rufise uburyo bwo gutera amavuta
3. Ubushuhe buke: kabiri-imiterere y'umwobo uruziga rw'ukuboko rwo gukingira ubukonje
5. Umugambi wo gutuma ubunini bugenda neza uhereye ku bijanye n'ubuhinga bwo gukora neza
●Ishirahamwe ry'abashakashatsi ryo mu gisata c'ubuhinga bw'amashini muri kaminuza ya Tsinghua ryashizeho iciyumviro c'uko "Golden Ratio":
1.Ubwaguke bw'ikiganza c'umukoresha=× 3.14.
2.Ubwaguke bw’ikiganza c’abagabo bakuze b’Abashinwa ni 86mm → umurongo w’ikiganza usabwa ni 270mm, ivyo bikaba bihuye cane n’ibice vy’imirongo 300mm mu buhinga nyabwo.
●Igerageza ry’ubuhinga bw’abantu ryerekana ko:
1.Igihe umurongo uri munsi ya 250mm, umuvuduko ku nsanganyamatsiko z’urutoke urenga 18kPa.
2.Igihe umurongo w’urutugu urenze 450mm, urugero rw’urutugu rwo kwinyiganza rusabwa rwongerekana n’ibice 40%.
6. Gusuzuma impanuka zo mu nganda ziterwa n’ubunini butabereye
Ikibazo ca 1: Impanuka y'ugusohoka kwa gazi ya klorine mu ruganda rw'imiti muri 2023
Imizi y'ikibazo: DN200 umupira w'amazi ufise uruziga rw'amaboko rwa Φ600mm
Uruzitiro rw'impanuka: umuvuduko wo gukoresha ni muto cane → gufungura mu mpanuka → gufunga vyihutirwa bifata igihe kirekire cane
Ihombo: ihombo ry'ubutunzi ry'ama yuan miliyoni 8,2
Ikibazo ca 2: Impanuka y'urubura ku kibanza co kwakira LNG muri 2024
Isesengura ry'ukunanirwa: Φ300mm aluminium alloy uruziga rw'amaboko rwacitse ku bushuhe buke
Gahunda yo gutera imbere: Gusubiriza n'uruziga rw'amaboko rw'icuma kitagira ibara Φ400mm304
●Ubwenge bushobora gutahura uruziga rw'ukuboko
Igikoresho co gupima umuvuduko (ukuri ±0.5N·m)
LED yerekana uko ikora (umutuku/umuhondo/icatsi kibisi gatatu-ibara ry'imburi)
Igikoresho co gutanga amakuru ata nsinga (gishigikira itumanaho rya 5G)
●Umuyagankuba-uburyo bukoreshwa n'amaboko
Nk’uko vyavuzwe muri [5], ubuhinga buteye imbere bw’umupira w’umuyagankuba Q941F:
Ubuto bumwe-buhindura uruziga rw'amaboko/uburyo bw'umuyagankuba
Ukwandika amakuru y'ibikorwa vy'amaboko
Ukwifunga -uburinzi bw'umurimo mu buryo budasanzwe
Gutera amavuta mu bihe bitandukanye:
gutera amavuta ya litiyumu buri bikorwa 2000
Guhindura uburenganzira:
gukomeza uburebure bw'umurongo bwa 0.3-0.5mm
Uburinzi bw'ubumara:
gukoresha TS-316 gukingira uburozi buri kwezi kwa kane mu bice vyo ku nkengera y'ikiyaga
Gukurikirana uguhinduka:
koresha igikoresho co gupima uburebure bwa laser kugira ngo umenye ukunyuranya kw'uruziga (bikwiye kuba<0.8mm)
Imbeho y'urushana:
Gushoboza uburyo bwo gushushanya umuyagankuba mu bidukikije biri munsi ya degre -20
Isuzuma ry'ubwenge:
shiraho igikoresho co kunyiganyiga kugira ngo ugenzure uko ibintu vyifashe
Guhitamwo neza ubunini bw’uruziga rw’amaboko vyacitse ikibazo nyamukuru mu guhingura amavalve y’inganda yo muri iki gihe. Kubera uguteza imbere ubuhinga bushasha bw’ibikoresho n’ubuhinga bwo gutahura ibintu mu buryo bw’ubwenge, ubuhinga bwo gukoresha amaguru buzoshika ku buringanire bwiza hagati y’ubushobozi bwo gukora n’ibimenyetso vy’umutekano muri kazoza. Ivyiyumviro vy’inganda vyerekana ko mu mwaka w’2028, umugabane w’isoko ry’amapine y’amaboko y’ubwenge afise ibikorwa vyo guhindura ibintu uzorenga 35%, ivyo bikaba bizotuma haba ikiringo gishasha c’ugukoresha amavalve y’inganda.
